Dual-layer catalyst layers for increased proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance

The use of a dual-layer cathode catalyst layer improves the performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To generate single and layers between gas diffusion media electrolyte, two commercial carbon-supported platinum catalysts with either high microporosity carbon (Ketjen Black EC-300J) or low porosity (XC-72 Vulcan carbon) are utilized. We discovered that boost maximum power cells regardless directionality, surface area at electrolyte interface. At 25% relative humidity, condition generally inhibits cell performance, 20% is realized when using CLs. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate cathodes aid in water management due to lower kinetic activity losses Pt improved hydration electrolyte.